The Scheme Programming Language 读书笔记，chapter 6下半部.

Chapter 6. Operations on Objects

Section 6.7. Characters

字符是原子性的对象，用来表示字母，数字字符，特殊名号比如$或者-，以及其他一些非图形的控制字符，比如空格和新行。

字符以#\位前缀，例如：

  • #\A
  • #\tab
  • #\newline
  • #\space
  • #\xnn为unicode码点

相关比较用的执行诀：

  • (char=? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char<? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char>? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char<=? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char>=? char1 char2 char3 ...)

大小写不敏感的比较用的执行诀：

  • (char-ci=? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char-ci<? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char-ci>? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char-ci<=? char1 char2 char3 ...)
  • (char-ci>=? char1 char2 char3 ...)

其他：

  • (char-alphabetic? char)
  • (char-numeric? char)
  • (char-whitespace? char)
  • (char-lower-case? char)
  • (char-upper-case? char)
  • (char-title-case? char)
  • (char-general-category char)，Unicode general category
  • (char-upcase char)
  • (char-downcase char)
  • (char-titlecase char)
  • (char-foldcase char)
  • (char->integer char)
  • (integer->char char)

Section 6.8. Strings

字串，由字符组成，语法上使用双引号划定，例如"hi there"。\可以用作转义字符，在字符串内生成单个双引号\"，或者自身\\，还有\r，\n等特殊字符。使用#\xn可以插入Unicode码点。

相关执行诀：

  • (string=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string<? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string>? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string<=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string>=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string-ci=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string-ci<? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string-ci>? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string-ci<=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string-ci>=? string1 string2 string3 ...)
  • (string char ...)，从多个字符生成字串
  • (make-string n)
  • (make-string n char)
  • (string-length string)
  • (string-ref string n) 返回第n个字符
  • (string-set! string n char)
  • (string-copy string)
  • (string-append string ...)
  • (substring string start end)
  • (string-fill! string char)，将字串内的所有单字替换成char
  • (string-upcase string)
  • (string-downcase string)
  • (string-foldcase string), string-foldcase does not use the special mappings for Turkic languages
  • (string-titlecase string)
  • (string-normalize-nfd string), Unicode normalized form D
  • (string-normalize-nfkd string)，Unicode normalized form KD
  • (string-normalize-nfc string)，Unicode normalized form C
  • (string-normalize-nfkc string)，Unicode normalized form KC
  • (string->list string)
  • (list->string list)

Section 6.9. Vectors

串列支持随机访问，这方面比连对要强。串列的索引从0开始。其语法形式是#(a b c)。

相关执行诀：

  • (vector obj ...)返回一个串列
  • (make-vector n)
  • (make-vector n obj)
  • (vector-length vector)
  • (vector-ref vector n)
  • (vector-set! vector n obj)
  • (vector-fill! vector obj)
  • (vector->list vector)
  • (list->vector list)
  • (vector-sort predicate vector)，对predicate的调用有nlogn的要求
  • (vector-sort! predicate vector)，对predicate的调用有n**2的要求

Section 6.10. Bytevectors

用来表示二进制数据。表示上通常采用一串8比特无符号数串列，但是一个bytevector可以用来表示一串有符号8比特数，也可以是16位，32位，64位甚至是任意精度。连IEEE单双精度浮点数，以及前述任意组合的串列。

形式上，字节串列的写法以#vu8为前缀，如#vu8(1 2 3)。

相关执行诀：

  • (endianness symbol)，用于设置大小端
  • (native-endianness)
  • (make-bytevector n)
  • (make-bytevector n fill)
  • (bytevector-length bytevector)
  • (bytevector=? bytevector1 bytevector2)
  • (bytevector-fill! bytevector fill)
  • (bytevector-copy bytevector)
  • (bytevector-copy! src src-start dst dst-start n)
  • (bytevector-u8-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-s8-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-u8-set! bytevector n u8)
  • (bytevector-s8-set! bytevector n s8)
  • (bytevector->u8-list bytevector)
  • (u8-list->bytevector list)
  • (bytevector-u16-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-s16-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-u32-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-s32-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-u64-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-s64-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-u16-native-set! bytevector n u16)
  • (bytevector-s16-native-set! bytevector n s16)
  • (bytevector-u32-native-set! bytevector n u32)
  • (bytevector-s32-native-set! bytevector n s32)
  • (bytevector-u64-native-set! bytevector n u64)
  • (bytevector-s64-native-set! bytevector n s64)
  • (bytevector-u16-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-s16-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-u32-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-s32-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-u64-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-s64-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-u16-set! bytevector n u16 eness)
  • (bytevector-s16-set! bytevector n s16 eness)
  • (bytevector-u32-set! bytevector n u32 eness)
  • (bytevector-s32-set! bytevector n s32 eness)
  • (bytevector-u64-set! bytevector n u64 eness)
  • (bytevector-s64-set! bytevector n s64 eness)
  • (bytevector-uint-ref bytevector n eness size)
  • (bytevector-sint-ref bytevector n eness size)
  • (bytevector-uint-set! bytevector n uint eness size)
  • (bytevector-sint-set! bytevector n sint eness size)
  • (bytevector->uint-list bytevector eness size)
  • (bytevector->sint-list bytevector eness size)
  • (uint-list->bytevector list eness size)
  • (sint-list->bytevector list eness size)
  • (bytevector-ieee-single-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-ieee-double-native-ref bytevector n)
  • (bytevector-ieee-single-native-set! bytevector n x)
  • (bytevector-ieee-double-native-set! bytevector n x)
  • (bytevector-ieee-single-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-ieee-double-ref bytevector n eness)
  • (bytevector-ieee-single-set! bytevector n x eness)
  • (bytevector-ieee-double-set! bytevector n x eness)

Section 6.11. Symbols

名号和字串有点类似，不过名号之间进行对比的话，其效率比字串对比要高得多。只需要使用eq?即可。

相关执行诀：

  • (symbol=? symbol1 symbol2)
  • (string->symbol string)
  • (symbol->string symbol)

Section 6.12. Booleans

相关执行诀：

  • (boolean=? boolean1 boolean2)

Section 6.13. Hashtables

哈希表用来在任意两个scheme值之间建立关联，跟关联列表有点像，但是在数据量大的时候性能更好。

相关执行诀：

  • (make-eq-hashtable)
  • (make-eq-hashtable size)
  • (make-eqv-hashtable)
  • (make-eqv-hashtable size)
  • (make-hashtable hash equiv?)
  • (make-hashtable hash equiv? size)
  • (hashtable-mutable? hashtable)
  • (hashtable-hash-function hashtable)
  • (hashtable-equivalence-function hashtable)
  • (equal-hash obj)
  • (string-hash string)
  • (string-ci-hash string)
  • (symbol-hash symbol)
  • (hashtable-set! hashtable key obj)
  • (hashtable-ref hashtable key default)
  • (hashtable-contains? hashtable key)
  • (hashtable-update! hashtable key procedure default)
  • (hashtable-delete! hashtable key)
  • (hashtable-size hashtable)
  • (hashtable-copy hashtable)
  • (hashtable-copy hashtable mutable?)
  • (hashtable-clear! hashtable)
  • (hashtable-clear! hashtable size)
  • (hashtable-keys hashtable)
  • (hashtable-entries hashtable)

Section 6.14. Enumerations

(define-enumeration name (symbol ...) constructor用于创建枚举。例子：

(define-enumeration weather-element
(hot warm cold sunny rainy snowy windy)
weather

相关执行诀：

  • (make-enumeration symbol-list)
  • (enum-set-constructor enum-set)
  • (enum-set-universe enum-set)
  • (enum-set->list enum-set)
  • (enum-set-subset? enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set=? enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set-member? symbol enum-set)
  • (enum-set-union enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set-intersection enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set-difference enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set-complement enum-set)
  • (enum-set-projection enum-set1 enum-set2)
  • (enum-set-indexer enum-set)

（本篇完）