The Little Schemer总结篇。

读后感

特点，采用对话的形式来引导阅读，希望读者能够自行给出对于所涉及概念的定义。但是书中还是列举了许多Laws和Amendments，也就是条例和修正案，来帮助读者记住相关原理。

迭代和递归在基本概念上有所差异。假设处理对象是一串念珠。迭代的话是造一个窟窿，把念珠一个一个填到这个窟窿，然后进行处理。这个窟窿，其实是一个自由的变量，任何一颗念珠都可以填充进来。而递归，就像念经时一颗一颗数念珠，其实隐含了一个既定的次序，通过递归迭代的方式进行递归。每个念珠对下一颗念珠其实是有假设的。

迭代假设环境的一致性（虽然环境内的内容可以变化，但是环境内的实体不变），而递归强调环境的可变性（环境内的实体和内容都可以变化，环境还可以叠加）。

The Ten Commandments

The First Commandment

When recurring on a list of atoms, lat, ask two questions about it: (null? lat) and else. When Recurring on a number, n, ask two questions about it: (zero? n) and else. When recurring on a list of S-expressions, l, ask three question about it: (null? l), (atom? (car l)), and else.

The Second Commandment

Use cons to build lists.

The Third Commandment

When building a list, describ the first typical element, and then cons it onto the natural recursion.

The Fourth Commandment

Always change at least one argument while recurring. When recurring on a list of atoms, lat, use (cdr lat). When recurring on a number, n, use (sub1 n). And when recurring on a list of S-expressions, l, use (car l) and (cdr l) if neither (null? l) nor (atom? (car l)) are true.

It msut be changed to be closer to termination. The changing argument must be tested in the termination condition:

  • when using cdr, test termination with null? and
  • when using sub1, test termination with zero?.

The Fifth Commandment

When building a value with +, always use 0 for the value of the terminating line, for adding 0 does not change the value of an addition.

When building a value with x, always use 1 for the value of the terminating line, for multiplying by 1 does not change the value of a multiplication.

When building a value with cons, always consider () for the value of terminating line.

The Sixth Commandment

Simplify only after the function is correct.

The Seventh Commandment

Recur on the subparts that are of the same nature

  • On the sublists of a list
  • On the subexpressions of an arithmetic expression.

The Eight Commandment

Use help functions to abstract from representations.

The Ninth Commandment

Abstract common patterns with a new function

The Tenth Commandment

Build functions to collect more than one value at time.

The Five Rules

The Law of Car

The primitive car is defined only for non-empty lists.

The Law of Cdr

The primitive car id defined only for non-empty lists. The cdr of any non-empty list is always another list.

The Law of Cons

The primitive cons takes two arguments. The second argument to cons must be a list. The result is a list.

The Law of Null?

The primitive null? is defined only for lists.

The Law of Eq?

The primitive eq? takes two arguments. Each must be a non-numeric atom.

Intermission

下一幕是： The Reasoned Schemer。然后书中还列举了一些可供参考的书目。

其他

（完）